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Peñíscola est une commune située sur la côte nord de la province de Castellón, dans la comarque du Bajo Maestrazgo. Elle détient le titre de Cité depuis 1707 et depuis janvier 2013, Peñíscola fait partie du réseau Les plus beaux villages d’Espagne.
La ville se dresse sur un tombolo, une péninsule rocheuse, à l’origine seulement reliée à la terre par un isthme de sable qui rendait facile sa défense même s’il était parfois submergé et demeurait enseveli sous les eaux. Aujourd’hui, en raison de la construction du port et des bâtiments sur l’isthme, ce curieux phénomène a disparu. Sur le rocher se dresse sa vieille ville dont émerge le château du Papa Luna, divisant la côte de Peñíscola en deux moitiés totalement différentes.
Peñíscola possède de longues plages tant au nord qu’au sud de la péninsule du château. Le territoire de la commune de Peñíscola inclut l’un des massifs côtiers le plus intact de la côte valencienne, la Sierra de Irta, qui finit dans la mer sur une basse côte rocheuse et en certains points de hautes falaises comme celle de la Badum.
Le massif montagneux occupe les deux tiers méridionaux du territoire de 81 km². La partie septentrionale est une petite plaine alluviale qu’elle partage avec Benicarló et qui va de la mer jusqu’aux sommets du Puig.
Le climat est chaud et tempéré à Peñíscola. Tout au long de l’année, il y a peu de précipitations, sa température moyenne annuelle est de 17,2°C.
